Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: Intranasal Delivery of a Peptide with Antidepressant-Like Effect

doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.61

Figure Lengend Snippet: A FLAG-tagged D1–D2 interfering peptide has an antidepressant effect after intranasal administration. (a) The rPOD working model: the rPOD tip is designed to navigate the complex naris of the rat while targeting the olfactory epithelium. The rPOD is positioned deep into the nasal cavity, where its close proximity with the target-dosing region gives optimal deposition for nose-to-brain delivery. (b) Immunofluorescent staining of PFC slices from animals that received intranasal injections of the D1-D2-FLAG-tagged interfering peptide (1.67 nmol/g) or saline. Prefrontal cortical slices were stained with anti-FLAG antibodies and imaged at × 25 using a confocal microscope. Panels show Neurotrace 530/615 (left), Cy2-conjugated secondary antibodies to anti-FLAG (middle), and merged (right) channels. (c) The D1-D2-FLAG interfering peptide has an anti-immobility effect in the FST after intranasal administration. TAT-D1-D2-FLAG-IPep and TAT-Pep administered intranasally at a dose of 1.67 nmol/g. Data were analyzed using one-way independent groups ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc multiple comparisons tests. **p<0.01 compared with saline; ^p<0.05 compared with TAT-Pep. No significant difference was observed between behavior in animals who received saline or TAT-Pep. Error bars represent SEM.

Article Snippet: The FST is an acute test for antidepressant efficacy developed by Porsolt et al (1977 ).

Techniques: Staining, Saline, Microscopy

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: Intranasal Delivery of a Peptide with Antidepressant-Like Effect

doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.61

Figure Lengend Snippet: The D1–D2 interfering peptide has an antidepressant effect in the FST when administered intranasally. (a) Effect of the D1–D2 interfering peptide on immobility, swimming, and diving behaviors during the 5-min FST. After intranasal administration using the POD, the D1–D2 interfering peptide (dose=1.67 nmol/g) significantly decreases immobility and increases swimming behavior in the FST. Data for each standard behavior (immobility, swimming, and diving) were analyzed using one-way independent groups ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc multiple comparisons tests. **p<0.01, ***p<0.01 compared with saline; ^^p<0.01, ^^^p<0.001 compared with TAT-Pep. No significant difference was observed between behavior in animals who received TAT-D1-D2-Ipep or imipramine. (b) Effect of various doses of the D1–D2 interfering peptide on immobility behavior during the 5-min FST. Data at each dose were compared using one-way independent groups ANOVA. ***P<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.01 compared with saline; ##p<0.01, #p<0.05 compared with imipramine. Numbers below data points are number of animals per group. Error bars represent SEM.

Article Snippet: The FST is an acute test for antidepressant efficacy developed by Porsolt et al (1977 ).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: Intranasal Delivery of a Peptide with Antidepressant-Like Effect

doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.61

Figure Lengend Snippet: The D1–D2 interfering peptide has a behavioral antidepressant effect in the FST for 2 h after its administration. Immobility data from our original time point of 1 h after intranasal administration are included for the purposes of comparison. Imipramine and saline treatment groups received IP and IN injections, respectively, 1 h before the FST. Immobility behavioral data from each time point (1, 2, 3, and 4 h) were analyzed using one-way independent groups ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc tests. ***p<0.001, *p<0.05 compared with saline; ^^p<0.01, ^p<0.05 compared with TAT-Peptide; #p<0.05 compared with imipramine. Numbers below data points represent number of animals per group. Error bars represent SEM.

Article Snippet: The FST is an acute test for antidepressant efficacy developed by Porsolt et al (1977 ).

Techniques: Comparison, Saline

Journal: Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology

Article Title: Evaluation of Full-Field Stimulus Threshold Test Results in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Relationship with Full-Field Electroretinography, Multifocal Electroretinography, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Visual Field

doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.58485

Figure Lengend Snippet: The full-field stimulus threshold (FST) test results of the patient shown in Figure 1 (A) and a control subject (B). White, blue, and red FST values were 72, 60, and 83 decibels (dB) in the patient with retinitis pigmentosa compared to 100, 79, and 110 dB in the control subject, respectively

Article Snippet: All patients in the study underwent electrophysiological testing with full-field ERG, mfERG, and FST test (Metrovision, France) performed in accordance with international standards.

Techniques: Control